NGE Institute

Simply stated, manufacturing is the production of finished goods through the use of labor, machines and tools. The inputs to the manufacturing process are typically “raw materials” that are transformed to “finished goods” through a sequence of activities. The primary activities in manufacturing, called the manufacturing value chain, contribute to the design, production, marketing, sales, delivery and support of a product (e.g., a spare part, a chair, a candy or a car) being sold to the customers.

Smart cities and communities (SCCs) are populations that live in different geographical areas but are interconnected through intelligent technologies. SCCs use an integrated information and communications technology (ICT) system to improve efficiency, manage complexity and enhance citizens quality of life, leading to sustainable improvement in city operations.

Digital marketing is the use of the Internet, mobile devices, social media, search engines, and other channels to reach consumers. Some marketing experts consider digital marketing to be an entirely new endeavor that requires a new way of approaching customers and new ways of understanding how customers behave compared to traditional marketing.